''Evaporation and Surface energy fluxes'''
The GEOtop model is able to simulate all the components of the surface energy budget, i.e. Latent and sensible heat fluxes, ground heat fluxes and all the component of the radiation budget. The effects of vegetation in partitioning the latent flux in transpiration and soil evaporation is taken in account, as well the effect of complex topography on radiation. The model has been especially designed to work in mountain catchment with rugged topography. The fully coupled water budget allows an accurate estimation of soil moisture spatial distribution.
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In the Figure the mean seasonal evapotranspiration for the Serraia catchment in the Italian Alps.
Source: Bertoldi G., Rigon R., and Over T. M., Impact of Watershed Geomorphic Characteristics on the Energy and Water Budgets. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 7, 389-403, 2006.
Source: Rigon R., Bertoldi G. and Over T.M., GEOtop: A Distributed Hydrological Model with Coupled Water and Energy Budgets, Journal of Hydrometeorology, 7, 371-388, 2006.